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In this episode of American Socrates, we explore how to think for yourself in a world flooded with misinformation, conspiracy theories, and social-media noise. We trace the roots of independent thought from Descartes’ method of doubt to Kant’s Sapere Aude and Mill’s defense of individuality, showing how these timeless ideas apply to working-class life today. Learn the cognitive pitfalls that make independent thinking hard — from confirmation bias to motivated reasoning — and discover practical tools to question claims, check evidence, and engage thoughtfully with others. Whether you’re scrolling your feed, navigating workplace chatter, or just trying to make sense of the news, this episode gives you the skills to reason with humility, curiosity, and courage.

Keywords: independent thinking, critical thinking, misinformation, Descartes, Kant, Mill, working-class philosophy, cognitive biases, reasoning skills.

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In this episode of American Socrates, we dive into one of life’s biggest questions: should we chase happiness or search for meaning? Drawing on Epicurus’ ancient philosophy of pleasure and Viktor Frankl’s powerful reflections from Man’s Search for Meaning, we explore two very different visions of the good life.

We unpack what happiness meant for Epicurus — simple living, freedom from fear, and joy in friendship — and contrast it with Frankl’s claim that meaning, not comfort, sustains us through suffering. Along the way, we look at modern psychology, the trap of consumerism, and the everyday struggles of working people facing debt, burnout, and uncertainty.

By the end, you’ll be equipped to reflect on your own life with practical questions: Am I living just to avoid pain, or for something bigger? Do I confuse comfort with fulfillment? What gives me strength when life gets rough?

This isn’t an abstract debate — it’s a guide for anyone who wants to live more intentionally, with clarity about what really matters.

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In this episode of American Socrates, we break down the debate over health care in America: should it be a free-market commodity, or a right guaranteed to all? We examine the philosophies behind private insurance and government-administered systems, compares U.S. outcomes to Canada, the UK, and France, and highlights the real impact on working-class families. From sky-high premiums and medical debt to universal coverage and preventive care, this episode explores what health care systems really deliver—and how ordinary people can fight for a fairer, more reliable system. Keywords: health care, Medicare, Medicaid, universal health care, free-market health insurance, medical debt, working-class reality, health care reform, single-payer, insurance coverage, public health, health equity.

ringing tone, answering, then hanging up by alex36917 -- https://freesound.org/s/676348/ -- License: Attribution 4.0

Special Guest: Krista Apple as the concerned mother.

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In 1970, economist Milton Friedman declared that the only social responsibility of business is to increase profits. Half a century later, his doctrine still shapes our economy, our politics, and our daily lives. But what does “profit first” really mean for workers, communities, and democracy?

In this episode of American Socrates, we dig into Friedman’s famous essay and its consequences. We explore how corporations gained legal power as “agents” of shareholders, why critics like Joseph Stiglitz and Elizabeth Anderson say this logic ignores workers and communities, and how real-world disasters—from Boeing’s 737 Max crashes to Volkswagen’s emissions scandal—show the dangers of profit-maximization at any cost.

We also examine today’s debates around ESG (Environmental, Social, Governance) investing, corporate greenwashing, and bipartisan laws that protect creditors while leaving working people vulnerable. Along the way, we ask the hard question: if corporations are designed to pursue profit above all else, how can we make them accountable to the people whose lives they affect every day?

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Debt isn’t just money owed — it’s one of the oldest tools of social control. In this episode of American Socrates, we explore David Graeber’s Debt: The First 5,000 Years and traces the history of debt from ancient Mesopotamia to modern America. We unpack how debt has always carried moral weight, shaping who obeys, who suffers, and who is forgiven. From Biblical jubilees and Roman debt crises to student loans, credit cards, and mortgages today, we reveal how both political parties have structured a system that keeps working-class people in chains while protecting creditors.

Learn how debt disciplines our lives, fuels inequality, and limits freedom — and hear about movements like the Debt Collective and policy efforts led by Elizabeth Warren that fight for forgiveness and economic justice. This episode shows that understanding debt as a political, not personal, problem is the first step toward reclaiming your freedom.

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In this episode of American Socrates, we explore the myths about poverty in the United States. Poverty isn’t caused by laziness or bad choices—it’s built into the system. From outdated government definitions of poverty to wage stagnation, skyrocketing housing and healthcare costs, and the decline of unions, we break down the forces that trap millions of Americans in struggle. We expose how both Republicans and Democrats have gutted safety nets, how race and gender inequalities deepen the crisis, and how poverty has been turned into profit for corporations, landlords, and the prison industry. Most importantly, we reframe the question: not “what’s wrong with poor people?” but “what’s wrong with a system that produces poverty in abundance?” With raw stories, urgent statistics, and a fiery call to action, this episode invites working people to see through the lies—and imagine a future where poverty is no longer profitable.

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In this episode of American Socrates, we explore the true value of work and challenge the myth that effort automatically equals virtue. From the Protestant Work Ethic to modern corporate life, we examine how meaningless labor can drain dignity, isolate workers, and trap us in a cycle of exhaustion. Using stories, metaphors, and real-world examples, we unpack why so many “essential” jobs remain undervalued, and how the system pushes us to work for survival rather than purpose. Finally, we imagine alternatives — from basic income to worker cooperatives — and offer practical steps listeners can take to reclaim control, meaning, and fulfillment in their work and life.

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In this episode of American Socrates, we break down David Graeber’s groundbreaking book Bullshit Jobs and explore why so many modern jobs feel pointless, frustrating, or downright meaningless. From flunkies and goons to box-tickers and taskmasters, we explain each type of “bullshit job” in a way U.S. listeners can relate to. We also dive into the structural forces of capitalism that create these roles, showing why efficiency often produces more work that serves appearances rather than real social value. Along the way, we reflect on alienation, wasted labor, and the paradoxical way meaningless jobs can command high salaries while essential work often goes undervalued. Finally, we offer practical strategies for reclaiming purpose at work, finding meaningful labor, and thinking critically about the systems that shape our jobs. Perfect for anyone who’s ever felt frustrated by their work, this episode combines analysis, humor, and reflection to make sense of the modern workplace and inspire listeners to ask: How can my labor truly matter?

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