The final episode of the CIRAN podcast “Reconciling Two Societal Needs: Resource Extraction and Nature Conservation” features political scientist Thea Riofrancos, whose work focuses on resource extraction, climate change, green transitions and the global lithium sector. Drawing on her book Extraction: The Frontiers of Green Capitalism, she analyses the environmental, social and political consequences of mining for green technologies.

Economist and former Secretary General of the Norwegian Mineral Industry, Elisabeth Gammelsæter, discusses how local “Not In My Backyard” reactions influence decisions on mining, energy projects, and critical raw materials across Europe. Drawing on her book Not in My Neighborhood: Why NIMBY Cases Challenge Norwegian Democracy, she explains that local opposition is often driven by identity, fear, and deep attachment to place—rather than ignorance or selfishness. She warns that dismissing communities as “just NIMBYs” risks weakening democratic culture. Through clear examples, Elisabeth highlights why rushing permits without genuine dialogue can backfire, and how transparency, respect, and early engagement are essential to building legitimacy for new projects.

How can mining companies build trust and accountability? Aimee Boulanger discusses the evolving expectations of communities, investors, and consumers, and how transparency, environmental stewardship, and fair benefit-sharing can redefine mining’s role in society. Insightful examples show how responsible mining can be a force for good.