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Annotation

This report provides a comprehensive, evidence-based analysis of the economic consequences of immigration in the United States. Based on reports from leading research institutions, including the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine (NASEM) and the Congressional Budget Office (CBO), it examines the impact of immigration on aspects such as gross domestic product (GDP), fiscal balances (taxes and public services), labor market outcomes for native workers, innovation, entrepreneurship, and sectoral dependence.

The analysis shows that there is a broad consensus among economists that immigration has a positive impact on U.S. economic growth, increases labor resources, and stimulates consumption. In the long term, immigrants make a positive net fiscal contribution at the federal level, especially due to the significant tax payments of their U.S.-born children (the second generation). Although state and local governments face some costs in the short term (mainly for education), these are offset by long-term benefits at the national level.

According to the report, the impact of immigration on the overall wages and employment of native workers is very small or negligible in the long term, although small negative effects may be observed for low-skilled native workers and previous immigrants. Immigrants contribute disproportionately to innovation, entrepreneurship (high business start-up rates), and STEM fields. Key sectors such as agriculture, construction, healthcare, and hospitality are significantly dependent on immigrant labor.

The report acknowledges some challenges, such as pressure on infrastructure, state/local fiscal burdens, and potential costs associated with unauthorized immigration, but evidence suggests that these issues are often manageable and do not outweigh the overall economic benefits. The most serious economic risks arise not from immigration itself, but from restrictive policies such as mass deportation, which can cause significant harm to the economy.

In conclusion, the report emphasizes, based on evidence, that immigrants are significant net contributors to the U.S. economy and are not an economic danger. It highlights the importance of investing in integration, education, and targeted policies to maximize economic benefits and mitigate challenges.

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