Episodes

  • 025 - The Nature of Virtue

    025 - The Nature of Virtue
    Feb 10 2026
    In his seminal work, Analogy, published in 1736, Joseph Butler addresses a remarkable period in religious history marked by widespread debauchery and infidelity across all social classes. England was experiencing a pinnacle of irreligion, and the re-establishment of Episcopacy had yet to improve the nation’s moral fabric. Piety was scorned as a sign of ignorance, and many who professed their faith faced persecution, sometimes leading to dungeons and death. Within the cultured circles of the time, it was widely believed that Christianity had been exposed as a falsehood. The clergy, rather than alleviating this moral despair, often contributed to it through their own scandalous behavior. As Bishop Warburton lamented, “Religion had lost its hold on the minds of the people.” Despite its profound influence and widespread readership, Butlers Analogy has faced no serious challenge to its arguments. Crafted for a specific moment yet timeless in its depth, this work is hailed as “the most original and profound book on the philosophy of religion” and stands as “the most compelling defense of Christianity ever presented.” - Summary by Preface
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    20 mins
  • 024 - Personal Identity

    024 - Personal Identity
    Feb 10 2026
    In his seminal work, Analogy, published in 1736, Joseph Butler addresses a remarkable period in religious history marked by widespread debauchery and infidelity across all social classes. England was experiencing a pinnacle of irreligion, and the re-establishment of Episcopacy had yet to improve the nation’s moral fabric. Piety was scorned as a sign of ignorance, and many who professed their faith faced persecution, sometimes leading to dungeons and death. Within the cultured circles of the time, it was widely believed that Christianity had been exposed as a falsehood. The clergy, rather than alleviating this moral despair, often contributed to it through their own scandalous behavior. As Bishop Warburton lamented, “Religion had lost its hold on the minds of the people.” Despite its profound influence and widespread readership, Butlers Analogy has faced no serious challenge to its arguments. Crafted for a specific moment yet timeless in its depth, this work is hailed as “the most original and profound book on the philosophy of religion” and stands as “the most compelling defense of Christianity ever presented.” - Summary by Preface
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    14 mins
  • 023 - Conclusion

    023 - Conclusion
    Feb 10 2026
    In his seminal work, Analogy, published in 1736, Joseph Butler addresses a remarkable period in religious history marked by widespread debauchery and infidelity across all social classes. England was experiencing a pinnacle of irreligion, and the re-establishment of Episcopacy had yet to improve the nation’s moral fabric. Piety was scorned as a sign of ignorance, and many who professed their faith faced persecution, sometimes leading to dungeons and death. Within the cultured circles of the time, it was widely believed that Christianity had been exposed as a falsehood. The clergy, rather than alleviating this moral despair, often contributed to it through their own scandalous behavior. As Bishop Warburton lamented, “Religion had lost its hold on the minds of the people.” Despite its profound influence and widespread readership, Butlers Analogy has faced no serious challenge to its arguments. Crafted for a specific moment yet timeless in its depth, this work is hailed as “the most original and profound book on the philosophy of religion” and stands as “the most compelling defense of Christianity ever presented.” - Summary by Preface
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    17 mins
  • 022 - Objections against arguing from the Analogy of Nature to Religion

    022 - Objections against arguing from the Analogy of Nature to Religion
    Feb 10 2026
    In his seminal work, Analogy, published in 1736, Joseph Butler addresses a remarkable period in religious history marked by widespread debauchery and infidelity across all social classes. England was experiencing a pinnacle of irreligion, and the re-establishment of Episcopacy had yet to improve the nation’s moral fabric. Piety was scorned as a sign of ignorance, and many who professed their faith faced persecution, sometimes leading to dungeons and death. Within the cultured circles of the time, it was widely believed that Christianity had been exposed as a falsehood. The clergy, rather than alleviating this moral despair, often contributed to it through their own scandalous behavior. As Bishop Warburton lamented, “Religion had lost its hold on the minds of the people.” Despite its profound influence and widespread readership, Butlers Analogy has faced no serious challenge to its arguments. Crafted for a specific moment yet timeless in its depth, this work is hailed as “the most original and profound book on the philosophy of religion” and stands as “the most compelling defense of Christianity ever presented.” - Summary by Preface
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    23 mins
  • 021 - The Particular Evidence for Christianity - Part 2

    021 - The Particular Evidence for Christianity - Part 2
    Feb 10 2026
    In his seminal work, Analogy, published in 1736, Joseph Butler addresses a remarkable period in religious history marked by widespread debauchery and infidelity across all social classes. England was experiencing a pinnacle of irreligion, and the re-establishment of Episcopacy had yet to improve the nation’s moral fabric. Piety was scorned as a sign of ignorance, and many who professed their faith faced persecution, sometimes leading to dungeons and death. Within the cultured circles of the time, it was widely believed that Christianity had been exposed as a falsehood. The clergy, rather than alleviating this moral despair, often contributed to it through their own scandalous behavior. As Bishop Warburton lamented, “Religion had lost its hold on the minds of the people.” Despite its profound influence and widespread readership, Butlers Analogy has faced no serious challenge to its arguments. Crafted for a specific moment yet timeless in its depth, this work is hailed as “the most original and profound book on the philosophy of religion” and stands as “the most compelling defense of Christianity ever presented.” - Summary by Preface
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    44 mins
  • 020 - The Particular Evidence for Christianity - Part 1

    020 - The Particular Evidence for Christianity - Part 1
    Feb 10 2026
    In his seminal work, Analogy, published in 1736, Joseph Butler addresses a remarkable period in religious history marked by widespread debauchery and infidelity across all social classes. England was experiencing a pinnacle of irreligion, and the re-establishment of Episcopacy had yet to improve the nation’s moral fabric. Piety was scorned as a sign of ignorance, and many who professed their faith faced persecution, sometimes leading to dungeons and death. Within the cultured circles of the time, it was widely believed that Christianity had been exposed as a falsehood. The clergy, rather than alleviating this moral despair, often contributed to it through their own scandalous behavior. As Bishop Warburton lamented, “Religion had lost its hold on the minds of the people.” Despite its profound influence and widespread readership, Butlers Analogy has faced no serious challenge to its arguments. Crafted for a specific moment yet timeless in its depth, this work is hailed as “the most original and profound book on the philosophy of religion” and stands as “the most compelling defense of Christianity ever presented.” - Summary by Preface
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    26 mins
  • 019 - Want of Universality in Revelation and of the supposed Deficiency in the Proof of it

    019 - Want of Universality in Revelation and of the supposed Deficiency in the Proof of it
    Feb 10 2026
    In his seminal work, Analogy, published in 1736, Joseph Butler addresses a remarkable period in religious history marked by widespread debauchery and infidelity across all social classes. England was experiencing a pinnacle of irreligion, and the re-establishment of Episcopacy had yet to improve the nation’s moral fabric. Piety was scorned as a sign of ignorance, and many who professed their faith faced persecution, sometimes leading to dungeons and death. Within the cultured circles of the time, it was widely believed that Christianity had been exposed as a falsehood. The clergy, rather than alleviating this moral despair, often contributed to it through their own scandalous behavior. As Bishop Warburton lamented, “Religion had lost its hold on the minds of the people.” Despite its profound influence and widespread readership, Butlers Analogy has faced no serious challenge to its arguments. Crafted for a specific moment yet timeless in its depth, this work is hailed as “the most original and profound book on the philosophy of religion” and stands as “the most compelling defense of Christianity ever presented.” - Summary by Preface
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    36 mins
  • 018 - The Particular System of Christianity the Appointment of a Mediator and the Redemption of the World

    018 - The Particular System of Christianity the Appointment of a Mediator and the Redemption of the World
    Feb 10 2026
    In his seminal work, Analogy, published in 1736, Joseph Butler addresses a remarkable period in religious history marked by widespread debauchery and infidelity across all social classes. England was experiencing a pinnacle of irreligion, and the re-establishment of Episcopacy had yet to improve the nation’s moral fabric. Piety was scorned as a sign of ignorance, and many who professed their faith faced persecution, sometimes leading to dungeons and death. Within the cultured circles of the time, it was widely believed that Christianity had been exposed as a falsehood. The clergy, rather than alleviating this moral despair, often contributed to it through their own scandalous behavior. As Bishop Warburton lamented, “Religion had lost its hold on the minds of the people.” Despite its profound influence and widespread readership, Butlers Analogy has faced no serious challenge to its arguments. Crafted for a specific moment yet timeless in its depth, this work is hailed as “the most original and profound book on the philosophy of religion” and stands as “the most compelling defense of Christianity ever presented.” - Summary by Preface
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    35 mins