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Modern Operating Systems for AI Agents

Modern Operating Systems for AI Agents

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 An operating system (OS) is the fundamental software that acts as an intermediary between computer hardware and user applications. It manages hardware resources such as the CPU, memory, storage, and input/output devices, while providing essential services like process scheduling, file management, security, and user interfaces. Without an OS, users would need to interact directly with hardware, which is impractical for most tasks. Common examples include Microsoft Windows, which focuses on graphical user interfaces and broad hardware compatibility; Linux, known for its open-source nature and use in servers; and macOS, optimized for Apple hardware with emphasis on user experience and integration. Operating systems can be monolithic (where all components run in a single kernel space, like traditional Linux) or microkernel-based (where services run in user space for better modularity and reliability, like in Minix). They also handle multitasking, allowing multiple programs to run simultaneously, and provide abstractions like virtual memory to make programming easier. I will first introduce traditional operating systems and its use in current desktops, mobile devices, and servers, and will compare them with my vision for distributed operating systems, as my proposal is MEVIA OS. The main use case is a world of AI agents (e.g. OpenClaw), more decentralized and operating 24/7, requiring then access, configuration, and communications with humans, anytime, anywhere for decision making and final touches as we free our time from being in front of our laptops. Comparing Traditional Operating Systems There are three main traditional Operating Systems: Windows, Linux, and MacOS. Their architectures are as follows: Operating Systems Architecture Windows Microsoft Windows, first released in 1985 as Windows 1.0, evolved from MS-DOS as a graphical extension to provide a user-friendly interface for personal computers. Developed by Microsoft, it quickly became the dominant OS for desktops and laptops due to its compatibility with a wide range of hardware and software. Over the decades, versions like Windows 95 introduced the Start menu and internet integration, while Windows XP (2001) emphasized stability and multimedia. Modern iterations, such as Windows 11 (2021), focus on cloud integration, AI features like Copilot, and enhanced security with features like Windows Hello. Its history reflects Microsoft's strategy of backward compatibility, ensuring legacy applications run on new versions, which has contributed to its market share exceeding 70% in desktop OS usage as of 2023. Windows operates on a hybrid kernel architecture, blending monolithic and microkernel elements for efficiency. The NT kernel, introduced in Windows NT 3.1 (1993), handles core functions like process management, memory allocation, and hardware abstraction. It runs in kernel mode for privileged operations and user mode for applications to prevent crashes from affecting the system. The OS supports multitasking through preemptive scheduling, allowing multiple processes to run concurrently. User interaction occurs via the graphical shell (Explorer.exe), with subsystems like Win32 for API calls. Security features include User Account Control (UAC) and BitLocker encryption, while updates are managed through Windows Update for ongoing improvements and patches. Kernel: Manages hardware resources, process scheduling, and memory; hybrid design for performance. Process Scheduler: Handles multitasking and priority-based execution of programs. File System (NTFS): Supports large volumes, encryption, and permissions for data management. Device Drivers: Interfaces with hardware like printers and GPUs via the Hardware Abstraction Layer (HAL). User Interface (GUI): Includes Desktop, Start Menu, and Taskbar for intuitive navigation. Security Subsystem: Features like Windows Defender and firewall for threat protection. Networking Stack: Manages TCP/IP, Wi-Fi, and cloud services integration. Linux Linux originated in 1991 when Linus Torvalds created a free, open-source kernel as an alternative to proprietary Unix systems. Inspired by Minix, it was released under the GNU General Public License, fostering community collaboration. Distributions (distros) like Ubuntu (2004) and Fedora bundle the kernel with tools from the GNU project, making it accessible for servers, desktops, and embedded devices. Its history highlights adaptability, powering over 90% of cloud servers and supercomputers by 2023, thanks to contributions from companies like Red Hat and Canonical. Linux's philosophy emphasizes modularity, stability, and customization, appealing to developers and enterprises. Linux uses a monolithic kernel where all core services run in kernel space for speed, though modules can be loaded dynamically. It boots via init systems like systemd, managing services and hardware detection. Processes are scheduled using algorithms like Completely Fair Scheduler (CFS) for ...
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