This episode covers the ongoing mass protests in Iran, which started in December 2025 and spread to multiple cities in several provinces, involving an unusually wide range of social groups. Dr. Marzieh Kouhi-Esfahani, Assistant Professor in Politics and International Relations of the Middle East at Durham University's School of Government and International Affairs, discusses the causes of the current anti-government protests, the regime's reaction to date, how they relate to previous waves of protests, and what they might mean for the regime in Tehran.

To learn more about our guest and their research visit their website at https://www.durham.ac.uk/staff/marzieh-kouhi-esfahani/

Music: The Good News by SHANTI from https://tunetank.com/track/263-the-good-news/

This episode discusses a significant political event that remained largely outside the media spotlight: the White House visit of Ahmed Al-Sharaa, the former al-Qaeda insurgent and leader of Hayat Tahrir al-Sham (HTS), who ended Syria’s brutal 13-year civil war. How did a man once listed as a US terrorist end up shaking hands with the American President?

Joining the show is Dr. William Plowright, an Assistant Professor of International Security in the School of Government and International Affairs at Durham University, to explore the motivations behind the Trump administration's pragmatic decision. We take a close look at Al-Sharaa’s radical transformation "from jihad to politics," examining whether his moderate image is reliable or merely a political performance, and discuss the internal challenges Al-Sharaa faces in governing the country.

Discover the immense regional challenges, from dealing with Israel over the Golan Heights to preventing instability that could breed a new wave of extreme jihadism across the Middle East and Europe. Tune in to understand the immense stakes involved in Syria's future.

Link to Dr. Plowrights article in The Conversation: https://theconversation.com/how-former-jihadist-ahmed-al-sharaa-ended-up-being-welcomed-to-the-white-house-269631

To learn more about our guest and their research visit their website at https://www.durham.ac.uk/staff/william-plowright/

In November 2025, the Trump government designated Nigeria a 'Country of Particular Concern' (CPC) under the 1998 International Religious Freedom Act, threatening to end aid or even launch a military attack. Is this merely a policy decision, or part of a deeper geopolitical dynamic? This week, we explore the complex intersection of US foreign policy, religious freedom, and international order with the author of the Duck of Minerva article entitled "Bullies, Follies, and the Decadent Orders", Dr. Kodili Chukwuma. He argues that these actions illustrate "bullying as a discourse and practice of international ordering". Tune in to understand the powerful, paradoxical, and often destabilizing effects of naming, shaming, and ordering the world.

Link to the discussed Duck of Minerva article: https://www.duckofminerva.com/2025/11/bullies-follies-and-decadent-orders-constructing-nigeria-as-a-country-of-particular-concern.html [Last accessed 28/11/2025].

To learn more about the research of our guest, visit their website at https://www.durham.ac.uk/staff/kodili-chukwuma/

Music: The Good News by SHANTI from https://tunetank.com/track/263-the-good-news/