A complete guide to lower-extremity arthrokinematics, from lumbar facets to the subtalar joint.

This topic-focused episode reviews lower-extremity arthrokinematics from the lumbar spine to the ankle and foot. Dr. Dustin Hardwick (PhD in Movement Science, Physical Therapist) walks through planes and axes, spin/roll/glide mechanics, and the convex–concave rule, then applies these concepts to the lower extremity. A clean, efficient reference for students and clinicians who want to understand joint mechanics in functional movement.

Links:

⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Substack⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Slides with transcripts available)

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Welcome to The Movement PhD!

Tissue Mechanics & Healing: Bone, Cartilage, Tendons, Ligaments, and Muscle.

In this episode, Dr. Dustin Hardwick (PhD in Movement Science, Physical Therapist) explains how biological tissues absorb force, deform under load, fail, and heal. We review viscoelastic properties, phases of healing, fracture mechanics, cartilage biology, tendon and ligament structure, and muscle strain classification, all tied to clinical relevance and rehabilitation principles.

Links:

⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Substack⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Slides with transcripts available)

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Explore how the ankle and foot muscles guide pronation, propulsion, and gait efficiency.

Welcome to The Movement PhD!
This is Season 1, Episode 13: The Ankle and Foot: Muscles and Gait Mechanics.

In this episode, Dr. Dustin Hardwick explores the muscles of the ankle and foot and how it guides pronation, supination, arch stability, and efficient gait. We review dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, inverters, everters, and intrinsicsl; connecting each to their roles in shock absorption, propulsion, and postural control. We also cover gait mechanics, rocker functions, ankle moments, and deviations such as foot drop, foot slap, early heel rise, and calcaneal gait.

What You’ll Learn in This Episode:
• Dorsiflexors, plantar flexors, inverters, everters, and their functional roles• Tibialis anterior weakness: foot drop, foot slap, and compensations• Gastroc vs. soleus: torque production, gait roles, fiber type• Tibialis posterior: arch control, pronation mechanics, and windlass activation• Fibularis longus & brevis: lateral stability and first-ray mechanics• Intrinsic foot muscles and their role in arch support and push-off• The four rockers of gait and how the foot transitions from flexible to rigid• Closed-chain vs. open-chain ankle moments throughout stance• Gait deviations: foot drop, steppage gait, calcaneal gait, early heel rise• Causes and effects of overpronation and oversupination

Links:

⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠Substack⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠ (Slides with transcripts available)

⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠YouTube⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠⁠

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