Episode Summary Social psychologist Dr. Ronnie Janoff-Bulman joins Chris Malone to explain how two distinct moral systems—proscriptive (“do no harm”) and prescriptive (“help others”)—shape liberal and conservative worldviews. Drawing on her book The Two Moralities, she describes how approach-and-avoidance motivations give rise to social-order and social-justice moralities, why both are essential for a healthy democracy, and how understanding them can bridge America’s political divide.

Guest Dr. Ronnie Janoff-Bulman — Professor Emerita of Psychology at the University of Massachusetts Amherst and author of Shattered Assumptions and The Two Moralities: Conservatives, Liberals, and the Roots of Our Political Divide. Recipient of the Morton Deutsch Award for Justice Research.

Chapter Markers

00:00 – Welcome to The Unity Forum

00:52 – Guest introduction and career overview

02:17 – Origin of “left” and “right” during the French Revolution

04:26 – From ideological diversity to modern polarization

04:46 – Approach vs. avoidance motivation: the basis of two moralities

06:01 – Proscriptive (“don’t harm”) vs. prescriptive (“help others”) morality

07:06 – Group-level morality: social order (protection) vs. social justice (provision)

09:36 – Government intervention: contrasting liberal and conservative domains

10:55 – Finding balance between the two moralities

12:00 – Parenting analogy: demandingness and responsiveness

13:56 – Why “don’ts” are easier than “dos” in moral learning

15:52 – Moral obligations and the trolley problem

17:11 – Religion’s role in reinforcing morality and group identity

19:52 – Bridging divides: both sides as moral, not immoral

22:53 – Media and social media: loss of a shared public sphere

26:27 – Holiday and family conversations: practicing attributional generosity

27:46 – Q&A: rural-urban moral divide

31:15 – Q&A: finding common ground and worthy intent

32:26 – Q&A: libertarians and communitarians

34:57 – Q&A: defining “protecting society” across moralities

37:18 – Q&A: bridging divides when identities are denied

39:02 – Closing reflections and call to re-humanize each other

Episode Highlights

• Political polarization stems from two core moral motives: providing (care) and protecting (order).
• Liberals emphasize social justice and equality; conservatives emphasize stability and tradition.
• Both moralities are legitimate and necessary for societal balance.
• Contact and conversation remain the best tools to reduce demonization and build trust.
• Attributional generosity—assuming good intent—helps restore civility.

Notable Quotes

• “There really are two different forms of morality that map onto approach and avoidance … don’t harm and help others.”
• “Social order and social justice moralities are both legitimate — we want to live in groups where we’re protected and provided for.”
• “Eight of the Ten Commandments are what you should not do … it’s easier to learn the proscriptive than the prescriptive.”
• “Both sides are grounded in morality. We demonize each other when we forget that.”
• “Ask for attributional generosity with your family … remember that person would still help you in a crisis.”

Closing Message Dr. Janoff-Bulman reminds us that America’s political divide is a moral one rooted in two valid human instincts—to protect and to provide. Recognizing the worth in both approaches can help us listen more generously, disagree more respectfully, and re-humanize each other in the process.