The story behind the AI systems that move billions on Wall Street began with one thing first: a belief strong enough to outlast the noise.

In this final segment of my conversation with Dr. Craig A. Kaplan, he shares how this mindset shaped his work when he founded Predict Wall Street. Many questioned the idea early on, but he stayed the course.

By combining insights from millions of everyday investors, he built a collective intelligence system that powered a hedge fund ranked in the top 10, outperforming most of the Wall Street pros. That same mindset is what he now applies to AI safety.

Listen now.

Long before modern AI systems existed, one of the greatest minds of the 20th century defined the limits of intelligence.

Dr. Craig A. Kaplan, an AI pioneer and creator of Open Democratic Frameworks for Safe Superintelligence, shared insights from his time collaborating with Herbert A. Simon during his PhD program at Carnegie Mellon University:

“Reason is wholly instrumental. It cannot tell us where to go. At best, it can tell us how to get there.”

No level of intelligence can determine what is right or wrong. Values do not come from computation. They have to be given, guided by human judgment and values.

And as AI becomes more powerful, that responsibility only grows clearer.

We often talk about AI as a powerful tool, but what happens when it grows faster than our ability to guide it?

In part two of my conversation with Dr. Craig A. Kaplan, an AI pioneer, we explore the real risks behind how superintelligence is being built today. Craig has been ahead of this curve for decades, developing frameworks that prioritize people over processing power and offering a perspective that feels more urgent than ever.

If you’re thinking about where AI is headed next, this is a conversation you do not want to miss.