Chad and Mike relisten to this classic episode in which Stephen McCormick tells us about the life cycle of salmon. Salmon start their lives in fresh water then move to the ocean and only return to fresh water again to spawn. But many physiological changes have to occur for each of these steps.

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Mike and Chad discuss volcanoes. How do they form, and are they only Earthly events?

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Chad tells Mike about how bacteria can detect when there are enough of them around so that they can change their behavior. It's a collective action that seems smart, but is just a matter of responding to the environment.

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Chad and Mike are learning more about what have been described as "Flying Puppies" by re-playing this episode with Leah Rensel.

Mike and Chad finally talk about Mike's research in the material called graphene. Graphene is a two dimensional conductor that can be used as a biosensor and many other interesting applications.

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In a particularly bloody episode, Chad and Mike discuss the A, B, and O blood types, as well as the Rh positive and negative. What do these designations mean? And what are some of the health consequences of these differences?

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Mike and Chad discuss the first three Nobel award announcements for 2025. We review the science behind the medicine, physics, and chemistry prizes that will be awarded in Stockholm later this year.

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Mike and Chad discuss new findings by the James Webb Space Telescope about blackholes formed at the beginning of the universe, before there were even stars.

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