Showing results for "Politics of Inclusion" in Metaphysics

Counsels and Maxims is a classic work by noted German philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer. His work has influenced some of the modern world's greatest thinkers, including Carl Jung, Sigmund Freud, and Erwin Schrödinger. This piece was originally translated by Thomas Bailey Saunders.

Immanuel Kant’s Critique of Pure Reason can lay claim to being the most important single work of modern philosophy, a work whose methodology, if not necessarily always its conclusions, has had a profound influence on almost all subsequent philosophical discourse. In this work Kant addresses, in a groundbreaking elucidation of the nature of reason, the age-old question of philosophy: “How do we know what we know?” and the limits of what it is that we can know with certainty.

Russell's The Problems of Philosophy, first published in 1912, is both a primer for the philosophy-curious and the practicing philosopher. He introduces his readers to his thoughts on the difference between knowledge by acquaintance and knowledge by description, and asks the question: If we cannot be certain that external objects exist, how can we then have knowledge of them but by probability? There is no reason to doubt the existence of external objects simply because of sense data.

The World as Will and Idea by Arthur Schopenhauer presents his philosophy that reality is driven by a metaphysical will, influencing all aspects of life and existence. Schopenhauer, a German philosopher, is known for his pessimistic philosophy, emphasizing that desire causes suffering. This work has profoundly influenced both philosophical thought and literature.

Kant's Prolegomena, although a small book, is without doubt the most important of his writings, writes the translator, Paul Carus. Prolegomena means, literally, prefatory or introductory remarks, and it furnishes us with a key to his main work, The Critique of Pure Reason; in fact, it is an extract containing all the salient ideas of Kant's system. It approaches the subject in the simplest and most direct way and is therefore best adapted as an introduction into his philosophy.

The Critique of Pure Reason, published in 1781, by German philosopher Immanuel Kant, cornerstone of modern philosophy, is one of the most important works on metaphysics ever published and is often seen as the culmination of centuries of early-modern philosophical thought. The Critique of Pure Reason, also known as The First Critique, incorporates in-depth discussions on empirical reason, "pure" reason, human knowledge as a whole, space and time, cause and effect, and much, much more.

Answering the Question: What Is Enlightenment? is a 1784 essay by the philosopher Immanuel Kant. In the December 1784 publication of the Berlinische Monatsschrift (Berlin Monthly), edited by Friedrich Gedike and Johann Erich Biester, Kant replied to the question posed a year earlier by the Reverend Johann Friedrich Zöllner, who was also an official in the Prussian government. Zöllner's question was addressed to a broad intellectual public community, in reply to Biester's essay entitled: "Proposal, not to engage the clergy any longer when marriages are conducted".

Zaratustra se presenta como el profeta supremo fuente de sabiduría, un ermitaño que vive recluido en la montaña, donde a lo largo de su retiro reflexiona sobre la vida y la naturaleza del hombre. Cuando siente que es el momento adecuado, decide regresar al mundo para comunicar el fruto de su conocimiento. Así, esta obra narra los discursos que Zaratustra pronuncia entre los hombres para anunciar su nueva doctrina.

We are all dwellers in two kingdoms, the inner kingdom, the kingdom of the mind and spirit, and the outer kingdom, that of the body and the physical universe about us. To strike the right balance in life is one of the supreme essentials of all successful living. We must work, for we must have bread. There are moments in the lives of all of us when we catch glimpses of a life—our life—that is infinitely beyond the life we are now living. We realize that we are living below our possibilities. We long for the realization of the life that we feel should be.

"The Twilight of the Idols", Nietzsche says in Ecce Homo: “If anyone should desire to obtain a rapid sketch of how everything before my time was standing on its head, he should begin reading me in this book. That which is called ‘Idols’ on the title-page is simply the old truth that has been believed in hitherto. In plain English, The Twilight of the Idols means that the old truth is on its last legs.

A Pluralistic Universe by the philosopher and psychologist William James (1842-1910) is based on a series of lectures held at Oxford University in 1908. James is mainly concerned with the nature of relations, stating the possibility of external relations which were excluded from monistic idealism. James maintains that we are guided by beliefs that we attempt to justify in order to keep our beliefs going.

Analysis of the writings of Kant's contemporary, the spiritualist religious philosopher Swedenborg, whose ideas still have a following in present times.

Las Meditaciones metafísicas, fue publicada por primera vez en 1641, en latín y posteriormente en francés en 1647. En ella se elabora el sistema filosófico que había introducido en 1637, en la 4ª parte del Discurso del método. El principal objetivo es la demostración de Dios mediante razonamientos lógicos y definir las bases del conocimiento del momento con el fin de disponerlo sobre unas bases más sólidas de las que había hasta entonces. Descartes también estudia la naturaleza dual del hombre compuesta por el pensamiento y el cuerpo.

The City of the Sun, published in Italian in 1602 as La città del sole, is a philosophical work by the Dominican philosopher Tommaso Campanella. It is an important utopian work, was inspired by Plato's Republic, and describes a theocratic society where goods, women, and children are held in common.

Philosophe allemand, Arthur Schopenhauer expose sa philosophie, très tôt élaborée, dans son ouvrage majeur "Le Monde comme volonté et comme représentation" (1819) où il énonce que : "La volonté singulière d'un individu n'a qu'une existence illusoire, elle est de toutes parts immergée dans le jeu infini et absurde d'une réalité qui la dépasse et finit par la détruire".