Showing results for "Sciences" in 20th Century

In Israel and the West, it is called the Six Day War. In the Arab world, it is known as the June War or, simply, as "the Setback". Never has a conflict so short, unforeseen, and largely unwanted by both sides so transformed the world. The Yom Kippur War, the war in Lebanon, the Camp David accords, the controversy over Jerusalem and Jewish settlements in the West Bank, the intifada, and the rise of Palestinian terror are all part of the outcome of those six days.

Of the three dominant ideologies of the 20th century - fascism, communism, and liberalism - only the last remains. This has created a peculiar situation in which liberalism's proponents tend to forget that it is an ideology and not the natural end-state of human political evolution. As Patrick Deneen argues in this provocative book, liberalism is built on a foundation of contradictions.

Since the fall of the Soviet Union, long-suppressed information has emerged on Heisenberg’s role in the Nazi atomic bomb project. In Beyond Uncertainty, Cassidy interprets this and other previously unknown material within the context of his vast research and tackles the vexing questions of a scientist’s personal responsibility and guilt when serving an abhorrent military regime.

Abridged for audio. Read by the author, Clive James. With fascinating essays on towering figures from Anna Akhmatova to Stefan Zweig, via Charles de Gaulle, Hitler, Thomas Mann and Wittgenstein, Cultural Amnesia is one of the crowning achievements in Clive James's illustrious career as a critic...

In this magisterial book, Roy Jenkins' unparalleled command of the political history of Britain and his own high-level government experience combine in a narrative account of Churchill's astounding career that is unmatched in its shrewd insights, its unforgettable anecdotes, the clarity of its overarching themes, and the author's nuanced appreciation of his extraordinary subject.

We thought we knew the story of the twentieth century. For many in the West, after the two world conflicts and the long cold war, the verdict was clear: democratic values had prevailed over dictatorship. But if the twentieth century meant the triumph of liberalism, as many intellectuals proclaimed, why have the era's darker impulses—ethnic nationalism, racist violence, and populist authoritarianism—revived?

Socialism was man's most ambitious attempt to supplant religion with a doctrine claiming to ground itself in "science". Each failure to create societies of abundance or give birth to "the New Man" inspired more searching for the path to the promised land: revolution, communes, social democracy, communism, fascism, Arab socialism, African socialism. None worked, and some exacted a staggering human toll. Then, after two centuries of wishful thinking and bitter disappointment, socialism imploded in a fin de siecle drama of falling walls and collapsing regimes.

Prizewinning historian Michael David-Fox traces the experiences of Smolensk residents between the interwar years and the end of World War II, a period during which the city and region passed from Stalinist rule to Nazi occupation and back. The result is a revelatory examination of choice and power under dueling forms of murderous totalitarianism. Exploring the life-and-death decisions of a fascinating cast of characters, David-Fox shows how deeply the Stalinist and Nazi regimes relied on the co-optation of average citizens motivated by greed and need, but always within the orbit of ideology.

Covering the development of the atomic bomb during the Second World War, the origins and early course of the Cold War and the advent of the hydrogen bomb in the early 1950s, Churchill and the Bomb in War and Cold War explores a still neglected aspect of Winston Churchill's career: his relationship with and thinking on nuclear weapons.

Few diseases are more gruesome than typhus. Transmitted by body lice, it afflicts the dispossessed - refugees, soldiers, and ghettoized peoples - causing hallucinations, terrible headaches, boiling fever, and often death. The disease plagued the German army on the Eastern Front and left the Reich desperate for a vaccine. For this they turned to the brilliant and eccentric Polish zoologist Rudolf Weigl.

Today, liberalism faces threats from across the political spectrum. While right-wing populists and leftist purists righteously violate liberal norms, theorists of liberalism seem to have little to say. In Liberalism in Dark Times, Joshua Cherniss issues a rousing defense of the liberal tradition, drawing on a neglected strand of liberal thought. Assaults on liberalism - a political order characterized by limits on political power and respect for individual rights - are nothing new.

The Deportation Machine traces the long and troubling history of the US government's systematic efforts to terrorize and expel immigrants over the past 140 years. This provocative, eye-opening book provides needed historical perspective on one of the most pressing social and political issues of our time. In a sweeping and engaging narrative, Adam Goodman examines how federal, state, and local officials have targeted various groups for expulsion, from Chinese and Europeans at the turn of the 20th century to Central Americans and Muslims today.

In the 25 years after 1989, the world enjoyed the deepest peace in history. In The Rise and Fall of Peace on Earth, the eminent foreign policy scholar Michael Mandelbaum examines that remarkable quarter century, describing how and why the peace was established and then fell apart. Mandelbaum argues that the widespread peace ended because three major countries put an end to it with aggressive nationalist policies aimed at overturning the prevailing political arrangements in their respective regions.

Wie alles begann. Am 24. Juni 2022 jährt sich die Ermordung des deutschen Außenministers Walther Rathenau zum 100. Mal. Der Journalist und Buchautor Thomas Hüetlin lässt zu diesem Anlass die Ereignisse, die zu dieser verhängnisvollen Tat führten, in einer aufrüttelnden Reportage wieder auferstehen. Er erzählt vom Verlauf dieses tragischen Tages der deutschen Geschichte und den politischen Auswirkungen bis in unsere Tage hinein. Wie in einem Thriller laufen die Operationen der "Organisation Consul" auf den Tag X zu - ebenso wie das Leben Walther Rathenaus, dieser herausragenden Persönlichkeit.

Negli anni della Guerra fredda il rapporto tra l’Italia e gli Stati Uniti assume una valenza decisiva, su ogni altra considerazione prevale l’interesse degli americani per la stabilità di un Paese alleato che riveste una funzione strategica nel quadro degli equilibri geopolitici internazionali. Poi, dopo l’Ottantanove l’approccio degli Usa si modifica, e con le prime avvisaglie di Mani pulite matura il convincimento che vada esaurendosi la spinta propulsiva delle forze politiche tradizionali.

The United States' role in saving Europe's intellectual elite from the Nazis is often told as a tale of triumph, which in many ways it was. America welcomed Albert Einstein and Enrico Fermi, Hannah Arendt and Herbert Marcuse, Rudolf Carnap and Richard Courant, among hundreds of other physicists, philosophers, mathematicians, historians, chemists, and linguists who transformed the American academy. Yet for every scholar who survived and thrived, many, many more did not. In this rigorously researched book, Laurel Leff rescues from obscurity scholars who were deemed "not worth saving".

Nicola Labanca ripercorre le vicende politiche e militari che portarono gli italiani a stabilirsi in Eritrea, in Somalia, in Libia e poi in Etiopia. Ma l'espansione coloniale non fu, anche nel caso italiano, solo politica e guerra. Il volume smonta quindi i messaggi della propaganda colonialista che affascinarono generazioni di italiani al suono di "Tripoli bel suol d'amore" e mostra i pochi reali vantaggi economici che l'Italia trasse dai suoi domini africani. Inoltre descrive la società coloniale d'oltremare, i suoi tratti razzisti, la sua composizione sociale e demografica.

La troisième révolution industrielle, qui commence avec l'invention du web en 1990, inclut en elle huit innovations révolutionnaires : les nanotechnologies, les biotechnologies, l'informatique (Big data et objets connectés), le cognitivisme (l'intelligence artificielle), les imprimantes 3D, la robotique, l'hybridation homme/machine et la recherche sur les cellules souches.

Luciana Castellina, militante e parlamentare comunista, fra i quattordici e i diciotto anni ha tenuto un diario che racconta la sua iniziazione politica: dal giorno in cui, il 25 luglio 1943, a Riccione, la partita di tennis con la sua compagna di scuola Anna Maria Mussolini viene interrotta perché la figlia del Duce deve scappare (suo padre è stato appena arrestato a Roma), a quando si iscrive al PCI.

Starting in early 1915, the Ottoman Turks began deporting and killing hundreds of thousands of Armenians in the first major genocide of the 20th century. By the end of the First World War, the number of Armenians in what would become Turkey had been reduced by 90 percent - more than 1,000,000 people. A century later, the Armenian genocide remains controversial but relatively unknown, overshadowed by later slaughters and the chasm separating Turkish and Armenian versions of events.