Showing results by author "Frank Dikoetter" in All Categories

Award-winning historian Frank Dikötter explores how the People’s Republic of China was transformed from a backwater economy in the 1970s into the world superpower of today. His account is the first to be based on hundreds of previously unseen archival documents, from the secret minutes of top party meetings to confidential bank reports. Unfolding with great narrative sweep, this riveting, richly detailed chronicle recasts our understanding of an era that both the regime and foreign admirers celebrate as an economic miracle.

In 1949 Mao Zedong hoisted the red flag over Beijing’s Forbidden City. Instead of liberating the country, the communists destroyed the old order and replaced it with a repressive system that would dominate every aspect of Chinese life. In an epic of revolution and violence which draws on newly opened party archives, interviews and memoirs, Frank Dikötter interweaves the stories of millions of ordinary people with the brutal politics of Mao’s court. A gripping account of how people from all walks of life were caught up in a tragedy that sent at least five million civilians to their deaths.

No dictator can rule through fear and violence alone. Naked power can be grabbed and held temporarily, but it never suffices in the long term. A tyrant who can compel his own people to acclaim him will last longer. The paradox of the modern dictator is that he must create the illusion of popular support. Throughout the 20th century, hundreds of millions of people were condemned to enthusiasm, obliged to hail their leaders even as they were herded down the road to serfdom.

Between 1958 and 1962, 45 million Chinese people were worked, starved or beaten to death. Mao Zedong threw his country into a frenzy with the Great Leap Forward, an attempt to catch up with and overtake the West in less than fifteen years. It led to one of the greatest catastrophes the world has ever known. Dikotter's extraordinary research within Chinese archives brings together for the first time what happened in the corridors of power with the everyday experiences of ordinary people, giving voice to the dead and disenfranchised.

After the economic disaster of the Great Leap Forward that claimed tens of millions of lives between 1958 and 1962, an ageing Mao launched an ambitious scheme to shore up his reputation and eliminate those he viewed as a threat to his legacy. The stated goal of the Cultural Revolution was to purge the country of bourgeois, capitalist elements he claimed were threatening genuine communist ideology. But the Chairman also used the Cultural Revolution to turn on his colleagues, some of them longstanding comrades-in-arms, subjecting them to public humiliation, imprisonment and torture.

Entre 1958 y 1962 cuarenta y cinco millones de chinos perecieron a causa de los trabajos forzados, la violencia y la hambruna a los que fueron sometidos por el gobierno de Mao Zedong. Obsesionado con la empresa frenética del Gran Salto Adelante, su iniciativa, destinada a superar el modelo económico occidental en menos de quince años, provocó una de las mayores catástrofes humanas de la historia.

En 1949, tras una sangrienta guerra civil, Mao Zedong izó la bandera roja en la Ciudad Prohibida de Pekín. Pero la victoria del Partido Comunista de China sobre las fuerzas de Chiang Kai-shek no trajo paz, libertad y justicia, sino la instauración del sistema del terror propio de los regímenes totalitarios y la violencia sistemática que causó la muerte de cinco millones de personas.

A ningún dictador le bastan el miedo y la violencia para gobernar: estas estrategias pueden resultar indispensables para alcanzar el poder e incluso para mantenerlo durante un tiempo, pero no suelen ser efectivas a largo plazo. La paradoja del dictador moderno es que debe crear la ilusión del respaldo popular, pues sólo un tirano cuyo gobierno es capaz de inspirar idolatría en el pueblo conseguirá perpetuarse.