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The essay on Prudence was given as a lecture in a course on Human Culture in the winter of 1837-8. It was published in the first series of essays, which appeared in 1841. In it, Emerson describes Prudence as, "The virtue of the senses and admits to having little of it in himself."

Prudence is not timidity. It is not caution for its own sake. It is the art of knowing when to act and when to wait, when to follow reason and when to trust instinct. In Prudence, Ralph Waldo Emerson reclaims this often-misunderstood virtue, not as mere carefulness but as the wisdom of navigating life with both vision and restraint. For Emerson, prudence is not the enemy of boldness but its quiet architect. It does not stifle ambition but shapes it, guiding passion with clarity and purpose. A mind without prudence rushes blindly; a mind ruled by it never moves at all.

Baltasar Gracián y Morales, 1601-1658, est un écrivain et moraliste jésuite du Siècle d'or espagnol, que l'on peut rapprocher de Montaigne et La Rochefoucauld. On le présente parfois comme un "Machiavel de la vie pratique". "L'art de la prudence" ("Oráculo manual y arte de prudencia"), son ouvrage le plus célèbre publié pour la première fois en 1647, réunit trois cents conseils de comportement pour réussir dans la vie et savoir profiter du bonheur.