Showing titles in History

Quando una nave arriverà da Delo, Socrate dovrà morire. Bisogna forse sottrarsi a questo destino, come vorrebbero gli amici? Ma così verrebbe negato tutto quanto Socrate ha costruito nella sua vita, tutto il patrimonio di coerenza e dirittura morale che lo ha sempre contraddistinto e guidato. No, si deve affrontare ciò che è stato deciso secondo la legge, quella legge che è ossatura e anima dell’amata città. A chi piacerebbe una città senza leggi?

Il "Timeo", scritto intorno al 360 a. C. da Platone, è il dialogo che ha maggiormente influito sulla filosofia e sulla scienza posteriori. In esso vengono approfonditi essenzialmente tre problemi: quello dell'origine dell'universo, quello della sua struttura materiale, ed infine quello della natura umana. Ai tre argomenti corrispondono altrettante parti in cui è possibile suddividere l'opera, alle quali va aggiunto il prologo.

René Descartes is one of the formative figures in Western philosophy, logic and mathematics. His famous statement: "I think, therefore I am," has become perhaps the most famous phrase in all of philosophy. Descartes’s ground-breaking writings attempted to establish unshakeable foundations of knowledge, and set a trend for subsequent Western philosophy, which has endlessly critiqued and expanded upon his ideas.

Mathématicien et philosophe, Blaise Pascal est un des plus grands esprits n'ayant jamais existé. Il publia un traité de géométrie projective à l'âge de 16 ans, avant d'inventer la machine à calculer pour aider son père dans ses travaux. On doit à Pascal des avancées importantes dans le domaine des sciences, de la méthode scientifique, du calcul des probabilités, et de la philosophie. Ses Pensées sont une œuvre majeure retrouvée sur des feuillets épars, et qui touchent de nombreux paradoxes : infini et néant, âme et matière, foi et raison.

Aristotle was the third key figure among the philosophers of Ancient Greece, after Socrates and Plato. Here, extensive sections of the main works for which he is still respected are given, following accessible introductions setting the scene.

François, duc de La Rochefoucauld, prince de Marcillac, est un écrivain, moraliste et mémorialiste français, surtout connu pour ses "Maximes". Bien qu'il n'ait publié officiellement que ses "Memoires" et ses "Maximes", sa production littéraire est dense. Comme la plupart de ses contemporains, il voyait la politique comme un jeu d'échecs. Les "Maximes" forment une dénonciation inlassable de toutes les apparences de vertu.

El Discurso, texto eminentemente filosófico, marca el punto de ruptura con el mundo conceptual del medievo, dominado por la escolástica. Al mismo tiempo, y junto a su valor fundamental, es también una crónica del pensamiento, un libro de memorias, una elaboración científica en la que el investigador pasa a primer plano, a l a primera persona. Así reconocemos, a la par que la obra que funda los cimientos del mundo moderno, un minucioso retrato de su creador: René Descartes.

This Aristotelian treatise makes up part of the philosopher’s Parva Naturalia, which is Latin for “short treatises on nature”. In this text, he presents his ideas about the human senses. He connects each sense to an element - sight to water, touch to earth, etc. While Aristotle’s view of the senses is scientifically inaccurate in many ways, this treatise is a fascinating read for anyone interested in learning more about how the ancients understood the world.

Politics is the second half of a single treatise by Aristotle (384 B.C.E - 322 B.C.E.), Ethics being the first. Both deal with one and the same subject: what Aristotle calls the philosophy of human affairs. He also refers to it as political science and social science. Aristotle collected and studied the constitutions of over 150 city states before writing his Politics.

Genius. The word connotes an almost unworldly power: the power to create, to grasp universal secrets, even to destroy. As renowned intellectual historian Darrin McMahon explains in Divine Fury, the concept of genius can be traced back to antiquity, when men of great insight were thought to be advised by demons. The modern idea of genius emerged in tension with a growing belief in human equality; contesting the notion that all are created equal, geniuses served to dramatize the exception of extraordinary individuals not governed by ordinary laws.

Socrate est un philosophe de la Grèce antique (-470 à -399), considéré comme l'un des inventeurs de la philosophie morale et politique. Il n'a cependant laissé aucune œuvre écrite ; sa philosophie s'est transmise par l'intermédiaire de témoignages indirects (en particulier par les écrits de ses disciples Platon et Xénophon).

In The Ajax Dilemma, Paul Woodruff examines one of today's most pressing moral issues: how to distribute rewards and public recognition without damaging the social fabric. How should we honor those whose behavior and achievement is essential to our overall success? Is it fair or right to lavish rewards on the superstar at the expense of the hardworking rank-and-file? How do we distinguish an impartial fairness from what is truly just?

Né esclave, Épictète devint l'un des plus grands philosophes stoïciens, et ses préceptes sont toujours appliqués aujourd'hui. Nous lui devons le stoïcisme, doctrine pensée pour éviter toutes les souffrances inutiles. Il n'y a que sur nos propres actions et attitudes que nous pouvons agir ; comme ce n'est pas parce que l'on s'inquiète beaucoup que les choses s'améliorent, il convient donc d'accueillir tout événement avec calme et sans passion.

La pensée des Lumières émerge dans la seconde moitié du XVIIe siècle avant de se développer dans toute l'Europe, notamment en France, au XVIIIe siècle. Ses penseurs sont engagés contre l'oppression religieuse et politique, et œuvrent pour le progrès contre l'obscurantisme et les superstitions passées ; leur pensée a amené le triomphe de la raison sur la croyance, et s'est montrée déterminante dans les grands événements qui ont marqué l'Histoire moderne.

La pensée de la Rome antique est au fondement de l'histoire des idées et de la philosophie occidentale. Découvrez-en toute la profondeur en 300 citations soigneusement choisies pour présenter sous forme condensée les enseignements majeurs de trois figures incontournables : Cicéron, un des plus grands orateurs ayant jamais existé, Sénèque, un des fondateurs du stoïcisme, défenseur du souverain bien et de la vertu, ainsi que Marc Aurèle, empereur en quête de perfectionnement qui nous laissa les clefs de la sagesse personnelle dans ses "Pensées" pour moi-même.

We all desire success - but we don't all understand what success actually is. Success isn't a place you arrive at after working hard. That's a goal. Success is found in the character you maintain while you pursue your goals. It's about who we are and how we project our persona at work, at home, at school, and everywhere else. And all it takes to find success and fulfillment are simple shifts in the way we think. Perfect for leaders, influencers, businesspeople, coaches, teachers, and professionals of all industries, Shift Your Thinking for Success is a game-changer.

"Nous n'avons pas trop peu de temps, mais nous en perdons beaucoup." Un traité philosophique absolument incontournable et très actuel sur le rapport au temps dans lequel Sénèque nous invite à faire une pause dans nos vies surmenées, à prendre le temps de vivre pleinement.

Marcus Aurelius was a Roman Emperor, the last of the "Five Good Emperors", and one of the most important Stoic philosophers, along with the slave Epictetus. Marcus Aurelius wrote the "Meditations" while in a military campaign; it was a series of notes written for no one but himself in his quest for self-improvement. Stoicism is the attitude allowing one to free oneself from the unnecessary suffering that arises from anxiety about events that are beyond our control; therefore, it can be of tremendous importance in one's life.

Alfred North Whitehead once noted: "the safest general characterization of the European philosophical tradition is that it consists of a series of footnotes to Plato". Plato is indeed considered the most pivotal figure in the development of philosophy, along with his teacher, Socrates, and his student, Aristotle. But his writings are often light, fresh and funny; it was Plato who invented the dialogue in philosophy, which makes a point very easy to follow and the occasion of various scenic arrangements.

"The Prince" is the most famous of Machiavelli's works; it gives very clear, precise and realistic instructions on how to gain and maintain power, fortune, and glory, sometimes at the expense of others. Written in 1513, it is one of the most feared and hated political treatises, taken to be the first work in which the effect the leader desires to achieve is taken as more important than any abstract ideal or ethical value that might prevent him from taking immoral action.