Showing titles in Science & Technology Leaders

Treize années durant, chaque jeudi après-midi, l'Académie française m'a offert le privilège d'avoir comme voisin le Prix Nobel de médecine, François Jacob. Comme deux potaches, nous bavardions. Mon ignorance abyssale en biologie l'accablait. C'est lui qui m'a donné l'idée de ce livre : "Puisque, par on ne sait quel désolant hasard, tu occupes le fauteuil de Pasteur, plonge-toi dans son existence, tu seras bien obligé d'apprendre un peu ! "

Augustin Fresnel (1788–1827) shocked the scientific elite with his unique understanding of the physics of light. The lens he invented was a brilliant feat of engineering that made lighthouses blaze many times brighter, farther, and more efficiently. Battling the establishment, his own poor health, and the limited technology of the time, Fresnel was able to achieve his goal of illuminating the entire French coast. At first, the British sought to outdo the new Fresnel-equipped lighthouses as a matter of national pride.

Amateurs and professionals studying birds at the end of the 19th century were a contentious, passionate group with goals that intersected, collided, and occasionally merged in their writings and organizations. Driven by a desire to advance science, as well as by ego, pride, honor, insecurity, religion and other clashing sensibilities, they struggled to absorb the implications of evolution after Darwin. In the process, they dramatically reshaped the study of birds. Daniel Lewis here explores the professionalization of ornithology through one of its key figures: Robert Ridgway, the Smithsonian Institution’s first curator of birds.

Sir Alexander Fleming (August 6, 1881 - March 11, 1955) was a Scottish biologist, pharmacologist and botanist. He wrote many articles on bacteriology, immunology, and chemotherapy. His best-known discoveries are the enzyme substance lysozyme in 1923, and the anitbiotic substance penicillin from the mould Penicillium notatum in 1928, for which he shared the Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine in 1945 with Howard Florey and Ernst Boris Chain. This audiobook is from a 1950 talk he gave on the development of antibiotics.

Tra la fine dell'Ottocento e l'inizio del Novecento, in un'epoca di pionieri, Sigmund Freud fu il coraggioso esploratore dell'animo umano: grazie alla sua capacità immaginativa e alla sua grande tenacia, riuscì a dare forma a un impianto teorico della mente così innovativo che ancora oggi è utilizzato dalla moderna psichiatria e psicologia.

Pendant un an, six scientifiques et ingénieurs ont vécu isolés dans un dôme blanc de onze mètres de diamètre perché sur le volcan Mauna Loa, à Hawaii. Durant cette période, ils n'ont jamais été à l'air libre puisque, lors de leurs sorties à l'extérieur au cours desquelles ils exploraient des tunnels de lave et effectuaient diverses tâches scientifiques, ils portaient une combinaison spatiale. Ils n'avaient en stock que de la nourriture déshydratée.

As a young boy, the author took part in collecting specimens for his father. Fifty years later, he was asked to join a team from the same institution studying the state of sea life in the Bahamian waters where he grew up, as measured against his father’s benchmark. The first of the sea changes presented in this eloquent book stems from climate change and is the drastic transformation of ocean life due to global warming - but there are more.

Raymond Ditmars (1876-1942), the first curator of reptiles at New York's famous Bronx Zoo, brought cold-blooded animals to public attention as never before. Through wildly successful books and movies, he inspired a generation of zoologists with his fascination for snakes, insects, and other misunderstood creatures. Ditmars was among the most celebrated naturalists in America. His reptile-collecting trips for the zoo spawned newspaper headlines across the world.

The Headache Godfather traces the life of Seymour Diamond, MD, who was born in 1925, the son of Jewish immigrants from Ukraine and Slovakia, in Chicago, Illinois. Dr. Diamond revolutionized the practice of headache as a medical specialty when he opened the United States' first private headache practice, the Diamond Headache Clinic, in 1974. It quickly became a headache haven for sufferers from around the world.

Lester R. Brown, whom the Washington Post praised as “one of the world’s most influential thinkers,” built his understanding of global environmental issues from the ground up. Brown spent his childhood working on the family’s small farm. His entrepreneurial skills surfaced early. Even while excelling in school, he launched with his younger brother a tomato-growing operation that by 1958 was producing 1.5 million pounds of tomatoes.

Here's a biographical profile of John M. Studebaker, one of the largest wagon manufacturing concern in the U.S. who foresaw a new mode of transportation. Although five Studebaker brothers were involved at one time or another in the wagon and car business, the evolution of the company from wagons to cars and its enormous success is largely attributable to one brother, John Mohler Studebaker.

Here's a biographical profile of Charles F. Kettering, a man who always sought solutions to great problems. A philosopher, engineer, master salesman, scientist and genius inventor, Kettering, Delco's founder and major shareholder of GM, gave us many things: electric automobile starters, electric headlights, Freon, automatic transmissions, incubators for premature babies, premium gasoline, car generators, electric cash registers, and much more.

Il medico e alchimista svizzero Philippus Aureolus Theophrastus Bombastus von Hohenheim, detto Paracelso, nacque a Einsiedeln il 14 novembre 1493 e morì a Salisburgo il 24 settembre 1541; è stato un personaggio chiave nella storia della medicina e una delle figure più rappresentative del periodo a cavallo tra Medioevo e Rinascimento. Paracelso fu tra i primi a rifiutare l'insegnamento tradizionale della medicina, dando vita a una nuova disciplina che getterà le basi per la nascita della chimica e dell'applicazione dei minerali al campo medico.

Imbarcatosi sul Beagle, per una spedizione del governo inglese finalizzata alle rilevazioni idrologiche delle coste delle Americhe, Charles Darwin mise a frutto il suo interesse per l'osservazione della natura, cominciato a svilupparsi già durante l'infanzia. La spedizione gli permise di fare scoperte eccezionali attraverso il lungo viaggio, durato cinque anni.

Questo ritratto ripercorre i momenti più importanti della vita dell'astrofisico inglese Stephen Hawking, mettendone in luce gli aspetti più bizzarri e singolari. Dalla famiglia d'origine, stravagante e un po'bislacca fino ai primi studi, dalle amicizie al college all'incontro con la moglie Jane, dai "momenti Eureka" di scoperta scientifica fino alle incursioni nella cultura pop. Tutti elementi, singolari e unici, che come una meravigliosa, caotica e intricata galassia hanno dato la vita al carattere, al genio e all'icona Stephen Hawking.

A born naturalist and a fearless traveler, Vladimir Dinets wrote travel guides, conducted field research, and lived a couple of lives before he was accepted into the PhD program in zoology at the University of Miami. He thought crocodiles were a dead-end research topic - survivors from the age of the dinosaurs but not much else - until he witnessed groups of up to seventy alligators performing mating choruses that included infrasound vibrations - a form of communication extremely rare in nature.

Few diseases are more gruesome than typhus. Transmitted by body lice, it afflicts the dispossessed - refugees, soldiers, and ghettoized peoples - causing hallucinations, terrible headaches, boiling fever, and often death. The disease plagued the German army on the Eastern Front and left the Reich desperate for a vaccine. For this they turned to the brilliant and eccentric Polish zoologist Rudolf Weigl.

What if there were a world bigger than the one you can touch? Leigh Alexander recounts a stormy adolescence alongside the mysterious early Internet. From the surrealism of early video games to raw connections made over primitive newsgroups, from sex bots to Sailor Moon, Alexander intimately captures a dark frontier age.

The dream of capturing and organizing knowledge is as old as history. From the archives of ancient Sumeria and the Library of Alexandria to the Library of Congress and Wikipedia, humanity has wrestled with the problem of harnessing its intellectual output. The timeless quest for wisdom has been as much about information storage and retrieval as creative genius. In Cataloging the World, Alex Wright introduces us to a figure who stands out in the long line of thinkers and idealists who devoted themselves to the task.

In 1949, Ron Losee, a young Yale Medical School graduate, headed west with his wife and small daughter to begin the practice of medicine. They settled in Ennis, Montana, in a log cabin that also became their office and lab. Patients made themselves at home in the living room. One small bag held all their medical equipment. It was a proud moment when a patient first called Losee "Doc." His fee on that occasion was three dollars.