Episodes

  • EP. 277 Molecular Diagnostics for Thyroid Nodules with Dr. Erik Alexander

    EP. 277 Molecular Diagnostics for Thyroid Nodules with Dr. Erik Alexander
    Jun 9 2026
    For years, an indeterminate thyroid biopsy meant diagnostic surgery but molecular testing is now changing that reality entirely. On this episode of the BackTable ENT podcast, Dr. Ashley Agan interviews endocrinologist Dr. Erik Alexander about how molecular testing and a systematic, layered approach to thyroid nodule evaluation are reducing diagnostic surgeries and enabling more individualized patient care. --- Get the BackTable apphttps://www.backtable.com/app --- This podcast is supported by Veracytehttps://www.veracyte.com/ --- Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction02:48 - Incidence, Presentation, and Workup of Thyroid Nodules 06:26 - Hormonal Impact and Indications for FNA 10:49 - FNA workflow and Bethesda Categories 16:10 - Role of Molecular Testing for Indeterminate Nodules19:59 - Evolution of Molecular Testing and Afirma 23:51 - Basics of DNA based Testing and RNA based Testing 28:34 - Comparing DNA based and RNA Based Testing 32:10 - Utility of Molecular Testing and Sampling Techniques 35:55 - Cost Coverage and Practical Limits39:20 - Clinical Implications and Future Impact42:00 - Final Takeaways --- More about this episode Together they walk through the full evaluation pathway, including ultrasound risk stratification using the TI-RADS criteria, the role of TSH testing, and how FNA indications have shifted from biopsying every solid nodule to a more selective, risk-adapted approach. The discussion covers the Bethesda classification system and addresses why the one-third of patients landing in indeterminate categories (Bethesda III, IV, and V) have historically been the most challenging and most overtreated group. The conversation then explores molecular diagnostics as an additional layer of risk assessment, highlighting key differences between DNA-based mutation panels and RNA-based expression classifiers. Dr. Alexander also discusses practical considerations like insurance coverage, sampling technique, turnaround time, and the future potential of molecular testing to move beyond diagnosis toward individualized prognosis. --- Resources American College of Radiology: TI-Rads Guidelines https://edge.sitecorecloud.io/americancoldf5f-acrorgf92a-productioncb02-3650/media/ACR/Files/RADS/TI-RADS/TI-RADS-Assessment-Categories.pdf American Thyroid Association - Nodule Guidelineshttps://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC4739132/ Bethesda System for Reporting Thyroid Ctyopathology https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK278969/table/thyroid-nod-canc-eld.T.bethesda_system_f/ --- BackTable ENT & Allergy is the go-to podcast for otolaryngologists, allergists, and head and neck surgeons. Download the free BackTable app to get early access to new episodes, cases, and courses curated by physicians in your specialty. ► https://www.backtable.com/app
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    45 mins
  • Ep. 276 LPR vs. LPS: Key Differences & Diagnostic Techniques with Dr. Inna Husain

    Ep. 276 LPR vs. LPS: Key Differences & Diagnostic Techniques with Dr. Inna Husain
    Jun 2 2026
    Not all chronic cough, globus, or voice changes are due to reflux, so how do you distinguish laryngopharyngeal symptoms (LPS) from true laryngopharyngeal reflux disease (LPRD)? In this episode of the BackTable ENT & Allergy podcast, Dr. Ashley Agan interviews laryngologist Dr. Inna Husain about how nuanced diagnostic definitions and a careful clinical approach can improve patient outcomes and avoid both under- and overdiagnosis. Together, they discuss the differences between GERD and LPRD, review the importance of detailed patient histories, endoscopic findings, and the evolving role of biomarkers like pepsin. --- Get the BackTable apphttps://www.backtable.com/app --- Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction02:14 - LPS Versus LPR Basics06:34 - GERD Versus LPRD11:28 - Clinic Workup and Scoping18:02 - San Diego Consensus Debate24:14 - Testing Over Empiric PPIs31:45 - Managing Proven Reflux34:59 - Stroboscopy Before Surgery36:10 - Pepsin Therapies and Tests39:54 - What Counts as Abnormal Reflux44:24 - Tapering Off PPIs Safely50:12 - Long Term Plan and Dietitians55:39 - GLP One Drugs and Reflux57:34 - Menopause Rhinitis and Hormones01:00:09 - Final Pearl For ENTs --- More about this episode They outline contemporary workup strategies, including the San Diego Consensus on Bravo testing, 24-hour pH impedance, and alternatives for negative reflux testing. The conversation covers management strategies, from selective PPIs and lifestyle tailoring to emerging therapies and the impact of GLP-1 drugs, helping ENT specialists refine their approach to complex laryngopharyngeal complaints. --- Resources San Diego Consensus for LPS and LPRD:https://doi.org/10.14309/ajg.0000000000003482 Dr. Inna Husainhttps://innahusainmd.com/ --- BackTable ENT & Allergy is the go-to podcast for otolaryngologists, allergists, and head and neck surgeons. Download the free BackTable app to get early access to new episodes, cases, and courses curated by physicians in your specialty. ► https://www.backtable.com/app
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    1 hr and 4 mins
  • Ep. 275 Evaluation & Management of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis in Adults with

    Ep. 275 Evaluation & Management of Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis in Adults with
    May 26 2026
    With such a wide range of presentations and severity, how do laryngologists approach the diagnosis and treatment of unilateral vocal fold paralysis? In this episode of the BackTable ENT and Allergy Podcast, Dr. Rebecca Howell, Laryngologist at the University of Cincinnati, joins Dr. Stephen Schoeff to discuss the evaluation and management of unilateral vocal fold paralysis. --- Get the BackTable apphttps://www.backtable.com/app --- Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction02:18 - Classic Symptoms of Vocal Fold Paralysis 04:15 - Etiology and Imaging Workup08:40 - Injection Timing and Materials23:20 - Permanent Options and Framework Surgery28:41 - Arytenoid Adduction Risks and When to Add Adduction30:56 - Awake Thyroplasty Technique compared to Sedation and OR Setup35:48 - Reinnervation and Bilateral Medialization Choices42:10 - Vocal Fold Long-term Injectables51:54 - Closing Remarks --- More about this episode Dr. Howell reviews the spectrum of patient presentations and common causes, including thoracic surgery, ACDF, thyroid surgery, intubation injuries, and idiopathic cases. She explains when to pursue imaging from brainstem to chest, how to set realistic recovery expectations, and the benefits of early intervention. The episode covers office-based injection augmentation, the pros and cons of injectable materials, and treatment durability, as well as risks like calcium hydroxylapatite. Long-term care options are discussed, including framework surgery, arytenoid adduction, bilateral approaches for vocal fold atrophy, reinnervation, and patient selection considerations. --- Resources Pathophysiology of Iatrogenic and idiopathic vocal fold paralysis may be distinct - Ted Mau: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/31498451/ Vocal Fold augmentation with injectable calcium hydroxylapatite - Clark Rosen: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/15331112/ Using High-Speed Videoendoscopy to Analyze Laryngeal closure parameters during normal swallow - Rebecca Howell: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/39659169/ Arytenoid abduction for bilateral vocal fold immobility - Gayle Woodson: https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/22001662/ Laryngeal Reinnervation for Unilateral Vocal Fold Paralysis - Randal Paniello : https://profiles.wustl.edu/en/publications/laryngeal-reinnervation-for-unilateral-vocal-fold-paralysis/ --- BackTable ENT & Allergy is the go-to podcast for otolaryngologists, allergists, and head and neck surgeons. Download the free BackTable app to get early access to new episodes, cases, and courses curated by physicians in your specialty. ► https://www.backtable.com/app
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    54 mins
  • Ep. 274 Pediatric Thyroid Nodules: Clinical Insights & Approaches with Dr. Wen Jiang

    Ep. 274 Pediatric Thyroid Nodules: Clinical Insights & Approaches with Dr. Wen Jiang
    May 19 2026
    Pediatric thyroid nodules are rare, but their risk of malignancy is significantly higher than in adults, raising the stakes for accurate diagnosis and multidisciplinary management. In this episode of the BackTable ENT Podcast Dr. Gopi Shah and co-host Dr. Jeff Hyzer interview Dr. Wen Jiang, pediatric otolaryngologist at Rady Children’s Hospital in San Diego, for an in-depth discussion on the evaluation and management of thyroid nodules in children. --- Get the BackTable apphttps://www.backtable.com/app --- Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction 02:27 - Thyroid Nodule Risks and Care Team 06:47 - Age-related Differences in Nodule Presentation and Outcomes08:50 - Initial workup 13:42 - Ultrasound Interpretation16:07 - Lymph Node Mapping and CT19:58 - Incidental Findings24:14 - Role of FNA, Molecular Testing, and Radiofrequency Ablation32:40 - Molecular Testing Results and Counseling 38:04 - Neck Dissection Strategy40:44 - Hypocalcemia Protocol Considerations44:01 - Parathyroid and Recurrent Laryngeal Nerve Dissection Tips 47:33 - Postop Care and Follow-up 51:25 - Using Radioactive Iodine and Targeted Therapy 54:55 - AI’s and Ultrasound and Final Thoughts --- More about this episode Dr. Jiang highlights the key differences between pediatric and adult thyroid nodules. She describes her multidisciplinary approach including collaboration with radiology, pathology, endocrinology and nuclear medicine. The discussion reviews the initial workup for pediatric thyroid nodules and why ultrasound remains the primary diagnostic tool. She also discusses situations where CT with contrast can be helpful for surgical planning. This episode explores the growing role of reflex molecular testing in guiding management decisions and outlines the impacts of molecular testing results. Dr. Jiang shares her approach to patient counseling along with management of calcium and PTH after surgery. The conversation concludes with emerging applications of molecular diagnostics and AI models for improving thyroid ultrasound interpretation. --- Resources Dr. Jiang's Research on Pediatric Thyroid Nodule Management - https://pubmed.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/26770219/ Bethesda System for Thyroid Cytopathology - https://pmc.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/articles/PMC7182964/ --- BackTable ENT & Allergy is the go-to podcast for otolaryngologists, allergists, and head and neck surgeons. Download the free BackTable app to get early access to new episodes, cases, and courses curated by physicians in your specialty. ► https://www.backtable.com/app
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    1 hr
  • Ep. 273 Integrating Narrative Medicine into Patient Care with Dr. Alessandra Colaianni

    Ep. 273 Integrating Narrative Medicine into Patient Care with Dr. Alessandra Colaianni
    May 12 2026
    From clinic to the OR, storytelling quietly shapes every decision in clinical care. This episode of BackTable ENT & Allergy examines how narrative medicine and the stories at the heart of each patient encounter can elevate your clinical practice, enhance empathy, and deepen the doctor-patient relationship. Pediatric ENT Dr. Gopi Shah interviews Dr. Alessandra (Alessa) Colaianni, a head and neck surgical oncologist at the University of North Carolina, about the power and relevance of narrative medicine in modern surgical care. --- Get the BackTable apphttps://www.backtable.com/app --- Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction05:53 - What is Narrative Medicine? 11:36 - Narrative Medicine in Clinic 17:28 - Narrative Medicine in the OR21:09 - Patient Case Presentation and Boundaries 25:05 - Writing For Reflection and the impact of AI 29:35 - Resources And Podcasts33:19 - Final Takeaways --- More about this episode Dr. Colaianni is a published writer whose work has been featured in the New York Times, New Yorker, and the New England Journal of Medicine. She describes her lifelong interest in writing and shares how earning a master’s degree in the history and philosophy of science at the University of Cambridge during medical school helped her reconnect with the humanistic side of medicine. She reframes narrative medicine not as an extra task, but as an approach already woven into daily clinical work through history-taking, listening, and documentation. The conversation explores the influence of patient identity, socioeconomic context, and the “characters” in each patient’s story on clinical decisions and care. Dr. Colaianni reflects on the role of storytelling in surgical training, the apprenticeship model, and how thoughtful boundaries can foster meaningful doctor-patient relationships. The episode concludes with a discussion of AI’s potential impact on empathy and recommended reading for further exploration of narrative medicine. --- Resources Dr.Colaianni’s published work https://www.alessandracolaianni.com Columbia University Division of Narrative Medicine https://www.mhe.cuimc.columbia.edu/division-narrative-medicine Columbia University Narrative Medicine Youtube channel https://www.youtube.com/@columbiauniversitynarrativ8472 The Nocturnists podcast https://thenocturnists.org/podcast Autobiography of a Face by Lucy Grealey https://www.amazon.com/Autobiography-Face-Lucy-Grealy The Empathy Exams by Leslie Jameson https://www.graywolfpress.org/books/empathy-exams The Collected Schizophrenias Essays by Esmé Weijun Wanghttps://www.graywolfpress.org/books/collected-schizophrenias My Own Country: A Doctor’s Story by Abraham Verghese https://www.amazon.com/My-Own-Country-Doctors-Story --- BackTable ENT & Allergy is the go-to podcast for otolaryngologists, allergists, and head and neck surgeons. Download the free BackTable app to get early access to new episodes, cases, and courses curated by physicians in your specialty. ► https://www.backtable.com/app
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    36 mins
  • Ep. 272 Allergy Education on Social Media and Beyond: Challenges and Strategies with Dr. Zachary Rubin

    Ep. 272 Allergy Education on Social Media and Beyond: Challenges and Strategies with Dr. Zachary Rubin
    May 5 2026
    From the clinic to the camera, discover how an allergist turned social media into a patient education powerhouse. On this week’s episode of the BackTable ENT & Allergy Podcast, allergist Dr. Zachary Rubin of Oak Brook Allergists joins host Dr. Basil Kahwash to discuss his path from fellowship training to becoming a widely followed social media educator and author of the New York Times bestselling book “All About Allergies”. He explains how the COVID-19 pandemic and the rapid spread of online medical misinformation inspired him to educate the public through social media, developing an authentic on-camera style and consistent brand that has expanded his reach far beyond the clinic. --- Get the BackTable apphttps://www.backtable.com/app --- Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction05:21 - Learning the Creator Playbook10:10 - Authenticity and Creating a Personal Brand16:51 - Writing for Patients and Clinicians20:41 - Balancing Clinic and Content Creation26:15 - How to Start Your Public Voice29:11 - Professional Boundaries and Handling Criticism Online36:34 - How Patients Following Your Content Impacts the Clinic43:08 - The Unexpected Doors Content Creation Can Open48:44 - Future of Public Health53:09 - Final Advice --- More about this episode The conversation explores strategies for communicating complex medical topics, such as using metaphors to improve public understanding, and the importance of professionalism, boundaries, and safety in the online space. Dr. Rubin offers advice on avoiding individualized medical advice, managing online harassment, and navigating the nonfiction publishing world. He also discusses the impact of advocacy and media engagement for both patients and healthcare professionals, showing how physicians can leverage media to make a difference well beyond their practice. --- Resources Dr. Zachary Rubinhttps://www.oakbrookallergists.com/our-team/zachary-e-rubin-md/ --- BackTable ENT & Allergy is the go-to podcast for otolaryngologists, allergists, and head and neck surgeons. Download the free BackTable app to get early access to new episodes, cases, and courses curated by physicians in your specialty. ► https://www.backtable.com/app
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    56 mins
  • Ep. 271 The OR Surgical Tech in Pediatric ENT with Jose Flores

    Ep. 271 The OR Surgical Tech in Pediatric ENT with Jose Flores
    Apr 28 2026
    Behind every smooth surgery is a team member you may not see in the spotlight—but without them, the operation doesn’t run. In this episode of the BackTable ENT podcast, Jose Flores, a surgical technologist at Rady Children’s Hospital in San Diego and ENT service coordinator, joins host Dr. Gopi Shah to discuss the importance of the surgical technologist’s role in the OR and how it directly impacts patient care. --- SYNPOSIS Jose discusses his journey from being a medical assistant to finding his calling in the operating room, specifically in ENT. They explore the critical yet often overlooked role of OR scrub techs, the necessity of proper preparation and organization, and the importance of good communication and teamwork within the surgical team. Jose also shares personal experiences and advice for both new surgical techs and medical students, emphasizing the rewarding nature of working in pediatric ENT. --- TIMESTAMPS 00:00 - Introduction 01:29 - Jose Flores’s Journey to Becoming a Surgical Tech05:41 - Daily Responsibilities and Preparation10:11 - Communication and Teamwork in the OR15:30 - Building Strong Surgical Tech Relationships18:51 - Advice for New Surgical Techs21:25 - The Role of Techs in Quality and Safety23:15 - Giving and Receiving Feedback27:02 - Fostering Respect and Recognition30:40 - Final Thoughts and Contact Information --- RESOURCES Jose Flores’s Story:https://vimeo.com/1096085041
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    33 mins
  • Ep. 270 Management of Sinonasal Tumors with Skull Base Involvement: Part 2 with Dr. Zara Patel, Dr. JP Almeida and Dr. Garret Choby

    Ep. 270 Management of Sinonasal Tumors with Skull Base Involvement: Part 2 with Dr. Zara Patel, Dr. JP Almeida and Dr. Garret Choby
    Apr 21 2026
    Could that routine epistaxis actually be the first sign of a challenging skull base tumor? This week’s episode of the BackTable ENT Podcast is part two of the sinonasal tumor and skull base involvement discussion. Host Dr. Satyan Sreenath is joined again by Dr. Joao Paulo Almeida, Dr. Zara Patel, and Dr. Garret Choby for a case-based deep dive into the multidisciplinary management of complex sinonasal tumors. --- Get the BackTable apphttps://www.backtable.com/app --- Timestamps 00:00 - Introduction 01:20 - Case 1: Juvenile Nasopharyngeal Angiofibroma05:03 - Considerations for Pre-Operative Embolization 08:10 - Disaster Scenario: High Volume Loss09:21 - Operative Approach18:10 - Post-Op Imaging Considerations21:00 - Case 2: Invasive Keratinizing Squamous Cell Carcinoma24:40 - Operative Approach vs. Neoadjuvant Treatment Strategies28:30 - Importance of Diagnostic Nasal Endoscopy30:15 - Operative Approach32:37 - Lumbar Drain Considerations 40:35 - Closing Thoughts --- More about this episode The panel works through advanced cases presenting with epistaxis, using them to highlight key principles in evaluation, imaging, staging, and operative planning. They first discuss a 16-year-old male with a large juvenile nasopharyngeal angiofibroma extending to the skull base and middle cranial fossa, focusing on vascular supply, preoperative embolization, surgical strategy near the carotid, and planning for intraoperative hemorrhage and postoperative surveillance. They also emphasize the importance of thorough endoscopic evaluation and early referral to experienced centers. They then review a 72-year-old female with invasive, HPV-negative keratinizing squamous cell carcinoma involving the anterior cranial fossa and dura. The conversation addresses tumor board decision-making, neoadjuvant considerations, endoscopic craniofacial resection, reconstruction strategies, and management of delayed positive margins. It highlights how accurate histopathology and coordinated multidisciplinary care guide outcomes in these complex cases. --- Resources Joao Paulo Almeida, MD, PhDhttps://medicine.iu.edu/faculty/68351/almeida-joao-paulo Satyan B. Sreenath, MDhttps://medicine.iu.edu/faculty/60724/sreenath-satyan Zara M. Patel, MD https://med.stanford.edu/profiles/zara-patel Garret W. Choby, MDhttps://providers.upmc.com/provider/garret-w-choby/2592344 --- BackTable ENT & Allergy is the go-to podcast for otolaryngologists, allergists, and head and neck surgeons. Download the free BackTable app to get early access to new episodes, cases, and courses curated by physicians in your specialty. ► https://www.backtable.com/app
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    46 mins