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According to the philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), philosophy is a “battle against the bewitchment of our intelligence by means of language.” This audacious idea changed the way many of its practitioners saw their subject. In the first biography of Wittgenstein in more than three decades, Anthony Gottlieb evaluates this revolutionary idea, explaining the evolution of Wittgenstein’s thought and his place in the history of philosophy.

"Philosophy is not a theory," asserted Austro-British philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein (1889-1951), "but an activity." In this 1921 opus, his only philosophical work published during his lifetime, Wittgenstein defined the object of philosophy as the logical clarification of thoughts and proposed the solution to most philosophic problems by means of a critical method of linguistic analysis.

Philosophical Investigations was published in 1953, two years after the death of its author. In the preface written in Cambridge in 1945 where he was professor of philosophy he states: ‘Four years ago I had occasion to re-read my first book (the Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus) and to explain its ideas to someone. It suddenly seemed to me that I should publish those old thoughts and the new ones together: that the latter could be seen in the right light only by contrast with and against the background of my old way of thinking.’

Der "Tractatus logico-philosophicus" ist das frühe Hauptwerk des Philosophen Ludwig Wittgenstein und das einzige philosophische Buch, das er zu Lebzeiten veröffentlicht. Diese gerade einmal etwa 100 Seiten zählende Abhandlung, an der Wittgenstein 7 Jahre gearbeitet hat, ist nicht nur einer der Meilensteine der modernen Sprachphilosophie, sondern besitzt heute den Rang eines Klassikers der Philosophie überhaupt.

This extraordinary work (Das Wesen Des Christentums) is an anthropological dissection of Christianity in particular and a critique of religion in general. It proved both controversial and influential following its publication in 1841. But soon it became a classic of humanism - so much so that it was none other than George Eliot, under her real name of Marian (Mary Ann) Evans, who felt impelled to undertake the first English translation (1851), and which helped to underscore her humanistic attitudes which infused her novels.

Ludwig van Beethoven (1770 - 1827) war neben Wolfgang Amadeus Mozart und Joseph Haydn der bedeutendste Komponist der Klassik und wurde am 16. Dezember 1770 in Bonn geboren und starb am 26. März 1827 nach langer Krankheit in Wien. 1778 erstes Auftreten als Pianist, 1787 erste Reise Wien (Zusammentreffen mit Mozart), 1792 Übersiedlung nach Wien, Unterricht bei Haydn, 1800 Aufführung seiner 1. Symphonie, einsetzende Schwerhörigkeit, ab 1818 völlig taub.

Tractatus Logico-Philosophicus is the only book-length philosophical work published by the Austrian philosopher Ludwig Wittgenstein during his lifetime. He wrote it as a soldier and a prisoner of war during World War I. The slim volume (fewer than eighty pages) comprises a system of short statements, numbered 1, 1.1, 1.11, 1.12, etc., through to 7, intended to be such that 1.1 is a comment on or elaboration of 1, 1.11 and 1.12 comments on 1.1, and so forth. It is an ambitious project to identify the relationship between language and reality and to define the limits of science. (Summary from ...